SEARCH RESULTS FOR: (*怎么办假美国 SCE*)(456 results)

The Sensonics’ S&S-D test is a member of Snap & Sniff® Olfactory Testing System. This test, along with the other members of the Snap & Sniff® family, was developed to provide scientists, clinicians, and others with a standardized, easy-to-use, and reliable means for evaluating the ability of subjects to discriminate odors. Detailed instructions are provided in an accompanying manual to minimize variability in test administration. The test employs the following odorants: phenyl ethyl alcohol; anethole; amyl acetate; and guaiacol. Formulated at iso-intensive levels, the wands are presented in groups of 3 and the subject is asked to choose which of the 3 is different. The presentation pattern is intuitive and easy to follow. The Snap & Sniff® Discrimination Test kit is comprised of 20 smell “wands”. The odor of a given wand is contained within a proprietary odor-emitting cartridge. When the thumb of the operator pushes forward on a slide mechanism, the odorized tip is exposed for sampling and presented to the subject. Releasing the slide retracts the odorized tip back into the wand’s housing. The Snap & Sniff® mechanism results in an easy presentation of an odorant to a subject. Because the odorant tip is presented only briefly, the odor is retained for much longer periods and can be used for testing many more subjects than devices lacking such sophisticated technology. Liquids, per se, are not present in the sniff wands.

Until the development of the Smell Identification Test™, also known as the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), no convenient means for subjectively assessing smell function was generally available. By incorporating microencapsulation technology and sound psychometric principles into a simple test format, the Smell Identification Test™ filled this void. Although this test was initially designed to provide only a first-step olfactory “screening” function, it became quite clear early on that the test was much more broadly useful than first envisioned and had applicability in numerous clinical, laboratory, and industrial settings. Indeed, the Smell Identification Test™ was found to be more reliable and to correlate more closely in the clinical setting with patient complaints and other indices of dysfunction than more traditional threshold and suprathreshold psychophysical methods. The Smell Identification Test consists of four envelope-sized booklets, each containing ten “scratch & sniff ” odorants. The odorants are embedded in 10- to 50-um urea-formaldehyde polymer microencap- sules fixed in a proprietary binder and positioned on brown strips at the bottom of the test booklets. The stimuli are released by scratching strips with a pencil tip in a standardized manner. Above each odorant strip is a multiple-choice question with four alternative responses. For example, one of the items reads: “This odor smells most like: a) chocolate; b) banana; c) onion; or d) fruit punch.” The test is forced-choice; i.e., the subject is required to mark one of the four alternatives even if no smell is perceived.

The Quick Smell Identification Test or Q-SIT® is a rapid assessment of smell ability for bedside/medical applications. The Q-SIT® comes in convenient booklets of 20 pages. Each page has a tear-off portion for presentation to the patient. The tear-off portion contains three microencapsulated odorants with the standard 4-choice identification options. If the patient misses one or more items, testing with Sensonics International’s 40-item Smell Identification Test is suggested in order to assess the degree of smell loss.

The Pediatric Smell Wheel is an attractive game-like test for evaluating olfaction in children. A rotating cardboard disk exposes one of 11 odors at a time for sampling. Multiple-choice alternatives use both words and pictures. When the disk is completely rotated, the child’s answers appear as dark dots in a series of holes in the jacket. The number of dark dots signifies the test score. Can be used as an educational game as well as a smell test. Ideal for classroom education settings.

The Pocket Smell Tests provide a quick 3-, 4-, 6-, or 8-odor forced-choice screening test using the same microencapsulated odorant technology as the Smell Identification Test. It is a very brief screen for gross olfactory dysfunction. If the test subject misses one or more of the test items, then the 40-item Smell Identification Test™ should be given to accurately quantify the degree of smell loss.

A research tool for screening cognitive confounds. This 40-item test is equivalent to the SIT™ except that pictures, rather than odors, are used as stimuli. Provides a control, in experimental settings, for non-olfactory components of the SIT. Can be used multiple times.

The OMT provides a subjective assessment of odor discrimination in general and short-term odor memory in particular. This instrument is a 12-item, single-target, four-alternative, forced- choice test with nominal 10-, 30-, and 60-sec delay intervals. However, these delay intervals are not sacrosanct and can be modified by the test user according to his or her interests or needs. The OMT is based on the match-to-sample paradigm. A unique feature of the OMT is the ease of presentation of the stimuli, since the test administrator must simply scratch open a set of micro- encapsulated odors with a pencil for the subject to sample at the appropriate time points. The micro- encapsulated odorants used in this test – banana, peppermint, rose, and peanut -- were chosen to be isointensive so that only the qualitative stimulus dimension is salient. In this test, a target odorant is released by scratching the odorized label, which is then presented to the subject for sampling. After a given delay interval, four microencapsulated odorants (three of which are foils) are similarly released and presented at ~ five second intervals. The subject’s task is to report which odor in the odor response set is the same as the target stimulus. During the delay interval, each subject is required to count aloud backwards by threes from 280 to minimize verbal rehearsal. The odorants used in the test are counter-balanced such that all odorants occur an equal number of times at each delay interval. The order of the delay intervals is the same for each subject and is as follows for the 12 respective items: 10, 30, 30, 60, 10, 60, 60, 30, 60, 30, 10, & 10 sec. The target odors (TO) and the response set choices (RC) for each of these 12 items are as follows (correct response in italics): (1) TO: PEA; RC: EA, PNUT, PEA, MINT; (2) TO: MIN RC: PEA, MINT, EA, PNUT; (3) TO: PNUT; RC: EA, PEA, MINT, PNUT; (4) TO: EA; RC: EA, PNUT, PEA, MINT; (5) TO: MINT; RC: MINT, EA, PEA, PNUT; (6) TO: PEA; RC: EA, PE

The B-SIT is a brief 12-item self-administered microencapsulated odorant test for evaluating olfactory function. It is contained in a single booklet, unlike the 4-booklet UPSIT, and is applicable in any industrial, clinical, or survey setting where a rapid, yet reliable, assessment of olfactory function is required. As with the case of the UPSIT, the odorants are embedded in 10-50 µm urea-formaldehyde polymer micro-capsules fixed in a proprietary binder and positioned on scent strips at the bottom of the pages of the test booklet. The stimuli are released by scratching the strips with a pencil tip in a standardized manner. Above each odorant strip is a multiple-choice question with four alternative responses. For example, one of the items reads: “This odor smells most like: a) motor oil; b) garlic; c) rose; or d) lemon. The subject is required to mark one of the four alternatives even if no smell sensation is perceived (i.e., the test is forced-choice).

Screw, Cortical, Poly Cann, 4.75 x 30mm

Enzymatic detergents used to clean medical instruments.